What Is The Artificial Way of Planting?

Due to the unpredictable environment and weather, the planting industry has been affected to a certain extent. In particular, the growth of plants has been greatly affected. Later, people began to use some plant characteristics for artificial planting. Natural asexual reproduction methods include strategies that plants have developed for self-reproduction.

Artificial methods of asexual reproduction

Artificial asexual reproduction methods are often used to produce new and sometimes novel plants. They include grafting, cuttings, layering, and micropropagation.

Grafting

Grafting has long been used to produce new varieties of roses, citrus varieties, and other plants. When grafting, two plants are used: a part of the stem of the desired plant is grafted onto a rooted plant called a rootstock. The grafted or attached part is called the scion. The two are cut at an oblique angle (any angle except a right angle) and brought into close contact, and then fixed together. It is important to match the two surfaces as closely as possible because they will hold the plants together. The vascular systems of the two plants grow and fuse, forming a graft. After a period of time, the scion begins to produce shoots and eventually flowers and fruits. Grafting is widely used in viticulture (grape cultivation) and the citrus industry. Scions that produce a specific fruit variety are grafted onto rootstocks that have specific disease resistance.

Cuttings

Plants, such as coleus and money trees, are propagated by stem cuttings, where a portion of the stem containing the nodes and internodes is placed in moist soil and allowed to root. In some species, the stem can begin to root even if it is just placed in water. For example, the leaves of African violets will root if left in water for several weeks.

Layering

Layering is a method where a stem attached to a plant is bent and covered with soil. Young stems can be bent easily and are not injured, making them the preferred plants for this method. Jasmine and bougainvillea (paper flower) can be propagated using this method. Some plants use a modified form of layering called air layering. The bark or outermost covering of a portion of the stem is removed and covered with moss, which is then taped. Some gardeners also use rooting hormones. After a period of time, roots will appear; this portion of the plant can be removed and transplanted into a separate pot.

Micropropagation

Micropropagation (also known as plant tissue culture) is a method of propagating a large number of plants from a single plant in a short period of time under laboratory conditions. This method allows the propagation of rare and endangered species that are difficult to grow under natural conditions, have economic value or are in demand as disease-free plants.

To start plant tissue culture, a part of a plant such as a stem, leaf, embryo, anther or seed can be used. The plant material is thoroughly sterilized using a combination of chemical treatments standardized for the species. Under sterile conditions, the plant material is placed in a plant tissue culture medium containing all the minerals, vitamins and hormones that the plant needs. The plant part usually produces an undifferentiated mass called callus, from which, after a period of time, individual plantlets begin to grow. These can be divided; they are first grown under greenhouse conditions and then moved to field conditions.